Considerations for the Bioengineering of Advanced Cardiac In Vitro Models of Myocardial Infarction

Despite the latest advances in cardiovascular biology and medicine, myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of major causes deaths worldwide. While reperfusion myocardium is critical to limit ischemic damage typical a MI event, it detrimental morphological functional changes known as “reperfusion injury.” This complex scenario poorly represented currently available models ischemia/reperfusion injury, leading poor translation findings from bench bedside. However, more recent bioengineered vitro human heart represent clinically relevant tools prevent treat patients. These include 3D cultures cardiac cells, use patient-derived stem bioprinting technology. review aims at highlighting features attack while comparing current vitro, ex vivo, vivo models. information has potential further guide developing novel advanced injury. It may pave way for generation pathophysiological with develop personalized therapies.